Tenses bentuk present yang selanjutnya akan kita pelajari adalah present perfect tense, yaitu Pengertian, Rumus Present Perfect Tense dan Contoh kalimat disertai dengan latihan soal beserta jawabannya.
Pengertian Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense adalah tenses yang terbentuk dari present tense ditambahkan verb “have/has” dan past participle of the verb (bisa regular dan irregular).
Rumus Present Perfect Tense
Pola Kalimat:
(+) S + have/has + V3 + O
(-) S +-have/has + not + V3 + O
(?) Have/has + S + V3 + O?
Contoh :
(+) We have visited him. (-) we have not/haven’t visited him (?) Have we visited him?
CONTOH KALIMAT POSITIVE STATEMENTS
| SUBJECT | HAVE / HAS | VERB (past participle) | REST OF THE SENTENCE |
| I | have | seen | this movie. |
| You | have | seen | this movie. |
| He | has | seen | this movie. |
| Mohan | has | seen | this movie. |
| The boy | has | seen | this movie. |
| She | has | seen | this movie. |
| Pooja | has | seen | this movie. |
| The girl | has | seen | this movie. |
| We | have | seen | this movie. |
| You | have | seen | this movie. |
| They | have | seen | this movie. |
| The children | have | seen | this movie. |
- Kalimat Tanya (interrogative)
Kalimat tanya (interrogative) dibentuk dengan menempatkan “have/has” di depan kalimat. Dalam kalimat tanya, kata kerja selalu dalam bentuk past participle.
Contoh:
Has your brother got a job? Apakah saudaramu sudah mendapat pekerjaan? Have you made a decision where you will continue your study? Apakah kamu sudah membuat keputusan ke mana kamu akan meneruskan kuliahmu?
INTERROGATIVE STATEMENTS / QUESTIONS
| HAVE / HAS | SUBJECT | VERB (past participle) | REST OF THE SENTENCE |
| Have | I | finished | the work? |
| Have | you | finished | the work? |
| Has | he | finished | the work? |
| Has | Budiyono | finished | the work? |
| Has | the boy | finished | the work? |
| Has | she | finished | the work? |
| Has | Fatimah | finished | the work? |
| Has | the girl | finished | the work? |
| Have | we | finished | the work? |
| Have | you | finished | the work? |
| Have | they | finished | the work? |
| Have | the men | finished | the work? |
- Kalimat menyangkal (negative)
Kalimat menyangkal (negative) dibentuk dengan menambahkan “not” sesudah “have/ has” (have not/haven’t, has not/hasn’t) dan ditempatkan sesudah subjek kalimat.
Contoh:
I have not/haven't done my report for this week. Saya belum mengerjakan laporan saya untuk minggu ini. She has not hasn't typed the weekly report. Dia belum mengetik laporan mingguan itu. Father has not/hasn't paid his installment for this month. Ayah belum membayar cicilannya untuk bulan ini.
CONTOH KALIMAT NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
| SUBJECT | HAVE NOT / HAS NOT | VERB (past participle) | REST OF THE SENTENCE |
| I | have not | eaten | Gudeg. |
| You | have not | eaten | Gudeg. |
| He | has not | eaten | Gudeg. |
| Budiyono | has not | eaten | Gudeg. |
| The boy | has not | eaten | Gudeg. |
| She | has not | eaten | Gudeg. |
| Fatimah | has not | eaten | Gudeg. |
| The girl | has not | eaten | Gudeg. |
| We | have not | eaten | Gudeg. |
| You | have not | eaten | Gudeg. |
| They | have not | eaten | Gudeg. |
| The children | have not | eaten | Gudeg. |
- Kesesuaian subject dan auxiliary verb di tenses ini adalah sebagai berikut :
HAVE digunakan oleh subject I, you, we, dan they.
HAS digunakan oleh subject she, he, dan it.
- Keterangan waktu yang biasa dipakai dalam tenses ini adalah:
Already : sudah
for : Selama
since : Sejak
ever : Pernah
just : Baru saja
recently : Baru-baru ini
Penggunaan Present Perfect Tense
- Present perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang.
Contoh:
We have occupied this house for seven years. Kami sudah menempati rumah ini selama tujuh tahun My brother has studied English for seven months. Saudara saya sudah belajar bahasa Inggris selama tujuh bulan
- Present perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan masih ada hubungannya dengan waktu sekarang atau akibatnya dapat dilihat/dirasakan sekarang.
Contoh :
My father has bought a new car. Ayah saya sudah membeli sebuah mobil baru. Sukino has passed from senior high school. Sukino sudah lulus dari sekolah menengah atas.
- Present perfect tense juga digunakan dengan “this morning, this afternoon, today, this week, this month, this year” untuk menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu kejadian atau perbuatan telah dilakukan berulang kali.
Contoh:
I have tried to contact him three times today. (Saya sudah mencoba menghubunginya tiga kali hari ini) She has visited this country twice this month. (Dia sudah mengunjungi negara ini dua kali bulan ini)
Latihan Soal Present Perfect Tense
Dibawah ini adalah contoh soal penggunaan rumus present perfect tense. Untuk melihat jawaban yang benar anda bisa melihatnya di menu “answer”. Ganti kata yang berada dalam tanda kurung (…) dengan kata yang benar sesuai dengan rumus present perfect tense. Selamat mencoba!